straight grate vs grate kiln

Grate-Kiln System for iron ore pelletizing

Process flexibility Pelletization process There are two main processes for producing iron ore pellets: The Grate-Kiln system and the straight grate system. In the straight grate system, a continuous parade of grate cars moves at the same speed though the drying, induration and cooling zones. Any change in one section effects the residence time ...

GUIDELINES FOR SELECTING PELLET PLANT

The straight grate (SG) and grate-kiln (GK) indurating processes are the two proven and widely accepted iron ore pelletizing processes. The processes were first developed in the 1950's and since ...

Guidelines for Selecting Pellet Plant Technology

As greater amounts of fine iron ore concentrates enter the marketplace, new investments in iron ore pelletising capacity are inevitable to deliver these concentrates to steel industry consumers. When investors assess the two well-proven pelletising technologies, the straight grate and grate-kiln, the most appropriate choice may not be immediately …

CONTRIBUÇÃO PARA COMPARAÇÕES ENTRE AS TECNOLOGIAS STRAIGHT GRATE …

in shaft furnaces, grate-kiln systems or on straight grates. Rotary kilns were originally . developed in the late 19th century for Portland cement production [1]. The main .

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE TECHNOLOGY COMPARISON …

2 straight grate plants with a total capacity of 16.5 million t/a (2/3 grate kiln, 1/3 straight grate) and in Canada, where IOC operates 4 straight grates at Carol Lake, New Foundland, with a ...

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE TECHNOLOGY COMPARISON …

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WEBWhen investors assess the two well proven pelletizing technologies, the straight grate and grate-kiln, the most appropriate …

Pelletization Solutions

both Straight Grate and Grate-Kiln technologies, therefore ensuring our customers get the best technology fit for their specific ore and product requirements. With strength and expertise in both Straight Grate and Grate-Kiln technologies, 's equipment, parts and services for pelletizing process are designed to increase capacity, reduce

Contribução Para Comparações Entre as Tecnologias Straight Grate …

Contribução Para Comparações Entre as Tecnologias Straight Grate e Grate-Kiln. Contribução Para Comparações Entre as Tecnologias Straight Grate e Grate-Kiln. Thomas Schwalm. 2017, Anais dos Seminários de …

Iron ore pelletization

straight grate systems are the dominant technologies currently being used in the iron ore pelletizing industry. Figure 15.1 shows the flow sheets for modern straight grate and grate-kiln pelletiz

(PDF) Energy and exergy analyses of a mixed fuel-fired grate–kiln …

In fact, there are three kinds of physical properties of iron ore pellet [13], effects of partial melting pelletizing process: the grate–kiln–cooler (GKC), shaft and and melt phase formation on the induration energy balance [14], straight-grate. Compared to the shaft or straight-grate furnace, and control [15].

A Comparison of Pellet Quality from Straight-grate and Grate-kiln …

ABSTRACT Both straight-grate and grate-kiln furnaces have been accepted in the iron ore industry. Both are considered to be roughly equal when comparing overall costs and expenses versus the final product production rate. However, the product quality of these two systems is not equal. This is shown by critically examining the dust …

The grate-kiln induration machine

There are three main processes to produce iron ore pellets, including the grate-kiln process, the shaft furnace process, and the straight grate process [5, 6]. The most widely used industrial ...

Schematic of the straight grate pelletizing process.

The straight grate technology has been proved for all ore types and has achieved higher unit capacity, while the grate-kiln process is more flexible with respect to fuel type and produces...

A Comparison of Pellet Quality from Straight-grate and Grate-kiln …

The sodium salt roasting parameters are consistent with those of the iron ore oxidized pellets produced by grate-kiln or straight-grate methods; thus, the production efficiency of sodium salt roasting for vanadium extraction can be improved significantly. Pilot-scale experiment was further performed to verify the feasibility of the recommended ...

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE TECHNOLOGY COMPARISON …

The most important differences include that a grate-kiln has three distinct pieces of equipment, a preheat grate, a rotary kiln and an annular cooler, whereas in the case …

Dynamic simulation of pellet induration process in straight-grate …

The induration process using straight-grate, grate-kiln, and vertical shaft kiln systems can be divided into four different stages drying, preheating, firing, and cooling [10,11]. Show abstract. The effect and mechanism of magnetite concentrate morphology on the quality of indurated pellets were investigated. Concentrates with different ...

Mathematical models and expert system for grate-kiln …

Grate process is an important step in grate-kiln pellet production. However, as a relatively closed system, the process on grate is inaccessible to direct detection, therefore, it is hard to control. As a result, mathematical models of temperature distribution, moisture distribution and oxidation degree distribution in pellet bed, with good …

Grate Kiln For Sale – Grate Kiln System | AGICO …

Straight Grate Vs Grate Kiln. Pellets produced by grate kiln system have fewer fine particles, better reducibility, and less compressive strength change. They are continuously mixed in the rotary kiln so that all of them …

Grate-Kiln Operations for Better Pellet Quality

A test program utilizing a laboratory pilot test unit commenced on September 29, 1972. Testing was conducted utilizing green ball products from a number of CCI operations. Results of the testwork indicated that a grate feed with a minus 6.35 mm (¼ inch) content of 0.35% is an achievable goal with proper balling and roll feeder operation.

Pelletizing Process

Table 1 compares a grate-kiln-cooler system and a straight grate system. Raw material Balling disc Green ball Comments Straight-Grate Grate-Kiln-Cooler No. Items Pellet quality 1 Grate-Kiln-Cooler process enables all pellets to be uniformly and adequately heat-hardened by tumbling action and be held at the peak temperature for longer period ...

Grate-kiln furnace | metallurgy | Britannica

Other articles where grate-kiln furnace is discussed: iron processing: Pelletizing: This was followed by the grate-kiln and the traveling grate, which together account for more than 90 percent of world pellet output. In shaft furnaces the charge moves down by gravity and is heated by a counterflow of hot combustion gases, but the grate-kiln system combines a …

Overall comparison of straight grate (SG) and …

Download scientific diagram | Overall comparison of straight grate (SG) and grate-kiln (GK) pelletization (Mourão, 2012) from publication: Iron ore pelletization | A brief introduction to...

(PDF) Iron ore pelletization

Figure 15.1 shows the flow sheets for modern straight grate and grate-kiln pelletiz-ing processes. The straight grate process consists of a single furnace, which is divided .

Comparative study of pellets fired in pot grate and grate kiln …

The objective of this research is to study the quality of blast-furnace iron ore pellets with binary basicity 1 fired on a pilot scale using the two main firing processes that are presently in use in the world and comparing them. Currently, the great majority of pellet producers use the traveling grate process because of its higher production capacity. In …

Guidelines for Selecting Pellet Plant Technology

When investors assess the two well-proven pelletising technologies, the straight grate and grate-kiln, the most appropriate choice may not be immediately evident.

Schematic of the straight grate pelletizing process.

However, the grate-kiln system consists of three separate process units connected in series: a traveling grate for drying and preheating green balls, a rotary kiln for indurating preheated pellets ...

"A Comparison of Pellet Quality from Straight-grate and Grate-kiln …

Both straight-grate and grate-kiln furnaces have been accepted in the iron ore industry. Both are considered to be roughly equal when comparing overall costs and expenses versus the final product production rate. However, the product quality of these two systems is not equal. This is shown by critically examining the dust generation of pellets ...

Gas Fired Iron Ore Pelletizing Kiln

The green pellets are first dried and then preheated (partially hardened) on a 1-ft by 10-ft-long traveling grate containing one updraft drying zone and two downdraft preheat zones. Pellets are then indurated in a 34-in-diam by 35- ft-long rotary kiln pitched at a slope of ¼ in/ft and rotating at a speed of 1 rpm.

Schematic overview of the Grate-Kiln process (to the left) …

An investigation of a grate-link plate that had served in a grate-kiln plant for 8 months (Nilsson et al., 2013) showed that alkaline vapours from warmer parts of the indurator condense on the ...

Presentation.pdf

Iron Ore Pelletizing Capabilities EPC Arrangements • With Acquisition of Jacobs, is in a better position to offer complete EPC packages. • does not do construction and civil works, so has partnered with key companies to do certain projects on an EPC basis • will supply the basic and some detail engineering, the "proprietary …