This paper addresses the modeling of the iron ore direct reduction process, a process likely to reduce CO2 emissions from the steel industry. The shaft furnace is divided into three sections (reduction, transition, and cooling), and the model is two-dimensional (cylindrical geometry for the upper sections and conical geometry for the …
اقرأ أكثرto consider CO-H2-CH4 reducing gas, and accounted for transition and cooling sections. The present model, named REDUCTOR, is 2-dimensional in the steady-state regime. The model includes a sophisticated, pellet sub-model. We consider eight heterogeneous and two homogeneous chemical reactions.
اقرأ أكثرThis paper addresses the modeling of the iron ore direct reduction process, a process likely to reduce CO 2 emissions from the steel industry. The shaft furnace is divided into three sections (reduction, transition, and cooling), and the model is two-dimensional (cylindrical geometry for the upper sections and conical geometry for the lower one), to …
اقرأ أكثرNumerous iron ore shaft furnace models were thus proposed in the literature. The first 51 studies addressed the reduction of a single pellet by H 2, CO, or H 2 -CO mixtures [5-10].
اقرأ أكثرpellet and flow rate between the pellets to obtain the local heat transfer. Because the pellets are made from iron ore, there is only slight change of temperature within the pellet, see Fig. 2. 2.4. Evaporation The drying of iron ore pellets causes evaporation of water from the inner part of the pellets.
اقرأ أكثرAbstract. A 3-D mathematical model was presented for the cooling process of iron ore pellets based on the laws of mass, momentum, and heat transfer. The flow, pressure, and temperature fields were ...
اقرأ أكثرA 3-D mathematical model was presented for the cooling process of iron ore pellets based on the laws of mass, momentum, and heat transfer. The flow, pressure, and temperature fields were obtained by numerical simulation with the commercial software FLUENT. In order to verify the model, a mass and energy balance field test was …
اقرأ أكثرBased on conduction, convection and radiation heat transfer among the flue gas, kiln wall, and the pellet bed material, and on the basis of the coal combustion and …
اقرأ أكثرFinally, the pellets are filtered in order to eliminate fines (<5 mm). This comprehensive process ultimately leads to the production of iron ore pellets, providing an essential resource for various industries. 2.2. Characterization procedure. The composition of the pellets was measured through EDS in a Zeiss EVO 60 scanning electron …
اقرأ أكثرAbstract. The use of sinter influences hot metal production substantially and significantly affects an integrated steel mill's total emissions. Sintering of iron ores is an enormous energy-intensive and resources consuming process. Introducing a selective waste gas recirculation (SWGR) to the sintering process reduces the energy consumption ...
اقرأ أكثرWith heating of the pellets, the evaporation process can take place; while no considerable change occurs in the temperature of the pellets. The drying of an iron ore pellet can thus be represented by the following two resistance model: (5)-(1-ε) d W p d t = a (d / 2) 2 (W g e-W g) d / 2-r w (d / 2) r w D H 2 O + 1 k g, H 2 O (d / 2) 2 The wet ...
اقرأ أكثرThe set of equations described above constitute the basic process model for induration of wet iron ore pellets. The partial differential equations involve derivatives in process time and bed height. ... A procedure for the design and evaluation of decentralized and model-based predictive multivariable controllers for a pellet cooling process ...
اقرأ أكثرplant scale iron ore pellet induration furnaces is presented. The experiment was performed in such a way that phenomena of heat transfer, drying and coke combustion [8]. K. H. Boss [9] developed a model for straight grate pelletizing process and added higher amounts of coke to iron ore pellets without effecting the quality of fired pellets.
اقرأ أكثرThis paper addresses the modeling of the iron ore direct reduction process, a process likely to reduce CO2 emissions from the steel industry, using a multi-scale approach and finds the presence of a central zone of lesser temperature and conversion. This paper addresses the modeling of the iron ore direct reduction process, a process likely to reduce CO2 …
اقرأ أكثرThe process gas is blown downwards into the pellet bed in PH, F, and AF where the pellets begin to undergo various physiochemical changes due to heterogeneous reactions. Finally, in C1 and C2, cooling air at ambient temperatures is passed through the pellet bed to recover the heat from the pellets and cool them down [3].
اقرأ أكثرThurlby J, Batterham R, Turner R. Development and validation of a mathematical model for the moving grate induration of iron ore pellets references. International Journal of Mineral Processing. 1979; 6 (1):43-64. DOI: 10.1016/0301-7516(79)90031-0; 31. Moraes S, Ribeiro T. Brazilian iron ore and production of pellets.
اقرأ أكثرThe proposed mathematical model describing the H 2-based reduction of industrial iron ore pellets considering mass and heat transport phenomena and transient porosity through the pellet during the reduction process indicated an accurate representation of the reduction process at the pellet scale o. Sensitivity analysis for …
اقرأ أكثرThe current study revisits the particle combustion modeling in the simulation of iron ore pellet indurator, which is the process to dry and fire the pellets as a pretreatment for blast furnace. Although the shrinking core model has been frequently used in the previous studies due to its simplicity, its limitation for the porous pellet should ...
اقرأ أكثرPrediction of Iron Ore Pellet Strength Using Arti・…ial Neural Network Model. 1. Introduction. Blast furnace or shaft furnace needs burden that form a permeable bed of material, permitting gas to ・Pw through it uniformly at a high rate. Powdered iron ore concentrates are not suitable in their as-produced form because they tend to pack into ...
اقرأ أكثرThe aim of this work is to model and simulate all parts of the MIDREX reduction furnace including a solid–gas countercurrent moving bed reactor, transition and cooling zones. In this system, iron ore pellets are reduced by the use of CO and H 2 as reducing gases and then they pass the transition and cooling zones.
اقرأ أكثرCooling process of iron ore pellets in a circular cooler has great impacts on the pellet quality and systematic energy exploitation. However, multi-variables and non-visualization of this gray system is unfavorable to efficient production. Thus, the cooling process of iron ore pellets was optimized using mathematical model and data mining ...
اقرأ أكثرtechnology for iron ore pellet processing, which is based on over 60 years of experience and world-class R&D. This process produces pellets with excellent physical and metallurgical properties for a wide range of plant capacities up to >9 Mtpa. It ensures high performance and quality, low investment and operating costs, as well
اقرأ أكثرPrediction Model of Iron Ore Pellet Ambient Strength. ... and cooling. The schematic diagram. of the pelletizing process is shown in Figure 1. Metals 2018, 8, x FOR PEER REVIEW 3 of 15 . 2.
اقرأ أكثر4 reducing gas, and accounted for transition and cooling sections. The present model, named REDUCTOR, is 2-dimensional in the steady-state regime. The model includes a sophisticated, pellet sub-model. We consider eight heterogeneous and two homogeneous chemical reactions. These features represent a more advanced and detailed model, …
اقرأ أكثرMathematical modeling of thermal behavior of single iron ore pellet during heat hardening oxidation. Published: 08 February 2021. Volume 147, pages 2293–2303, …
اقرأ أكثرCooling process of iron ore pellets in a circular cooler has great impacts on the pellet quality and systematic energy exploitation. However, multi-variables and non-visualization of this gray system is unfavorable to efficient production. Thus, the cooling process of iron ore pellets was optimized using mathematical model and data mining ...
اقرأ أكثرAbstract: A 3-D mathematical model was presented for the cooling process of iron ore pellets based on the laws of mass, momentum, and heat transfer. The flow, pressure, …
اقرأ أكثرFor conventional drying, Ljung et al., measured to iron ore pellets D eff to 3.3×10-−8 m 2 /s (150°C and 1.7m/s) and pellet drying simulation was carried out adopting the Equation 2 (Menéndez ...
اقرأ أكثرcomprehensive mathematical model for the direct reduction of iron oxides in the shaft furnace has been developed and used to simulate the steady state of commercial shaft furnace for pellets ...
اقرأ أكثرThe duration and temperature of the oxidation cycle play a key role during the iron ore pellet induration. Variation in oxidation degree of pellets gives rise to process instability, since it causes the variation of recuperated air in induration systems [].Microscopic examination of interface during the oxidation of magnetite pellets has …
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